Stills
GIF is capped at 256 colors and carries no sound. Keep it short and 480px or narrower.
PNG is lossless and the right choice for anything with type on it. JPEG is smaller, and a quality setting of 80 to 90% works perfectly for social.
4:5 is the tallest ratio the Instagram feed shows without cropping, so it is the safest single export for a normal post.
9:16 is Reels and Stories. Labels are automatically lifted clear of the top and bottom of the frame here, because the reply bar and caption sit over roughly the bottom seventh of a Story. On a Reel the like and share icons also run up the right edge, so keep a bottom-right badge short or move it to the left.
1:1 is the ratio for carousels, since every slide is forced to the ratio of the first one.
3:4 is the classic print shape and reads well on Facebook and on a YouTube community post.
GIF is capped at 256 colors, so skies band. Keep GIFs short, keep the width at 480 or below, and use MP4 anywhere that accepts video.